Showing posts with label geography. Show all posts
Showing posts with label geography. Show all posts

Wednesday, December 22, 2021

29+ What Is Unique About The Physical Geography Of Japan

29+ What Is Unique About The Physical Geography Of Japan

Japan is an archipelago or string of islands on the eastern edge of Asia. The Japanese have worked at redesigning buildings to better withstand earthquakes.


Physical Map Of Honshu Japan Map Sea Of Japan

Japan is an archipelago or string of islands on the eastern edge of Asia.

What is unique about the physical geography of japan. Volcanoes and earthquakes are common. Mount Fuji is the tallest mountain in Japan standing at 3776 meters 12380 feet. Not only is Japan an island country but it also is situated along the Ring of Fire a zone of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions bordering the Pacific Ocean.

Japan is an island country with a very rugged landscape. These modest rivers and streams have necessitated hundreds of bridges in Tokyo including the central Nihonbashi from which all distances in Japan were traditionally measured. Start studying Physical geography of Japan and Koreas.

There are four main islands. There are also nearly 4000 smaller islands. Then due to a chain of many volcanic incidents it broke off forming todays Japan.

Learn vocabulary terms and more with flashcards games and other study tools. Mount Fuji is the tallest mountain in Japan. The Geography of Japan Around 400 million years ago Japan was a peninsula connected to the huge landmass known as Asia.

Japans geographic features are unique in several ways. Much of Japan is long narrow valleys between tree-covered low mountains either natural or reforested with strips of agriculture and human habitation along the valley edges. The islands have tall mountains originating from volcanic activity.

Japan is a mountainous country with relatively few areas of flat land. Japans nearest mainland neighbors are the Siberian region of Russia in the north and Korea and China farther south. The eastern half of the central city constituted the old commercial downtown district Shitamachi while the western hills Yamanote were home to metroplolitan Tokyos more affluent residential areas.

Many towns are famous for hot springs or onsen. Mountainous terrain covers about 80 percent of Japans land area leaving only about a small percentage of arable land or land suitable for farming. Learn vocabulary terms and more with flashcards games and other study tools.

The physical area of all Japans islands is equivalent to about the size of the US state of Montana. Start studying Japan Geography. This physiography or physical.

At 3776 metres tall it poses a challenging climb for those that wish to climb it. There are four main islands Hokkaido Honshu Shikoku and Kyushu. There are also nearly 4000 smaller islands too.

The mountain contributes to Japans physical cultural and spiritual geography. Japan is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire and has 186 volcanoes of which about sixty are active. Hokkaido Honshu Shikoku and Kyushu.

Because of where it is located in the Pacific Japan has many different natural disasters. Japan has a multitude of islands surrounding it some of. Many of the volcanoes are active including the famous Mount Fuji.

The mountainous islands of Japan extend into two climate zones. The mountains in this image are exaggerated but they do give an excellent idea of how little flat land there is.

Monday, December 6, 2021

38+ Geographic Scale Definition Human Geography

Neighborhood Urban Area. The concept of scale as used in human geography is a bit different than that used on a map.


Scale Scales Of Analysis Ap Human Geography Unit 1 Topic 6 1 6 Youtube

Therefore issues and events that occur on one scale for example at the rural level impact and are impacted upon by events taking place at the.

Geographic scale definition human geography. Scale used by geographers in creating maps and how scale is used to foster understanding of commonly used scales such as local regional and global. Tourism is the focus of Anne Sopers essay. Important within spatial history are the concepts of place that is physical.

Scale Use in Geography. 1 Cartographic Scale - the measurement on a map ratio of space on map to space on the globe. GEOGRAPHIC SCALE -Refers to a conceptual hierarchy of spaces from small to large that reflects actual levels of organization in the real world.

The Definition in Practice. Usually depict large areas Spatial Diffusion Refers to the ways in which phenomena such as technological innovations cultural trends or even outbreaks of disease travel over space. For example one inch on a map is equal to one mile on the ground.

The geographical analysis confirms the land feature type as a mountain building or road. At the heart of the matter lies the assumption that human processes do not occur in isolation from one another but in fact directly impact on the whole. It stresses the geographic way of organizing and analyzing information pertaining to the location distribution pattern and interactions of the varied physical and human.

There are two types. Map scale ratio in which the ratio of units on the map to units on the earth is quite small. Human geography as locational analysis.

It focused on spatial organization and its key concepts were embedded into the functional regionthe tributary area of a major node whether a port a market town or a city shopping centre. They also learn. Geographers study phenomena at various scales and often use the term scale to help define their research interests.

In human geography the new approach became known as locational or spatial analysis or to some spatial science. Vector - which uses points lines and polygons. And 2 Geographic Scale - hierarchy of spaces.

A subdiscipline of geography that seeks to describe and explain the absolute and relative location of economic activities and the flows of information raw materials goods and people that connect otherwise separate local regional and national economies. An element of contemporary human geography that seeks answers to a wide range of questions Human-environment interaction The relationship among phenomena in individual places including relationship between humans and physical world. Map scale refers to the relationship or ratio between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground.

The scale of a map is the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground. A scale provides a geographical analysis to a specific surface feature on the map. Identifying and analyzing varying geographical scales is paramount to the study of human geography.

Scale is integral to developing a scientific and policy-oriented understanding of our environment. Without his scale a place on Dustins map makes it look like the area along the French Canadian border. Scale helps geographers draw maps that accurately represent the places they are studying.

1 While this separation seems neat historians tend to study time and place as parallel concepts. Geography learning is needed to know about the place where we live about the earth we live and about the many place and directions to go there. Scale is both a methodological issue inherent to observation its epistemological moment and an objective characteristic of complex interactions.

We also produce digital products for several of these categories as well as a number of themed maps. The Advanced Placement Human Geography APHG course introduces students to the systematic study of patterns and processes that have shaped human understanding use and alteration of Earths surface. When they merge spatial history and historical geography follows.

The analysis explains the significance of the land feature and the distance between landmarks. Just as in Nigel Thrifts words space is the fundamental stuff of human geography time one might add is the stuff of history. Provides an opportunity to establish the importance of the foregoing activities in their particular location as well as in their natural and cultural geographic contexts.

Conceptual distinctions and methodological guidelines regarding scale meanwhile can help resolve Ôthe scale questionÕin critical human geography. Students employ spatial concepts and landscape analysis to examine human social organization and its environmental consequences. First it emphasizes that geography is a methodology.

SCALE has TWO separate meanings in geography. Scale is an essential geographic concept. Raster - which uses groupings of cells.

To recap geospatial data is information that is geographic in nature. The concept of scale in human geography is somewhat less straightforward. For example on a 1100000 scale map 1cm on the map equals 1km on the ground.

This definition of geography works well for several reasons. What is the geographic scale of a map.

Wednesday, November 10, 2021

27+ What Does Location Mean In Geography

An important skill of a geographer is to be able to describe the location of a place. Browse and search thousands of Geography Abbreviations and acronyms in our comprehensive reference resource.


Educators Globe Trottin Kids Geography For Kids Teaching Culture Social Studies Classroom

In geography absolute location is contrasted with relative location.

What does location mean in geography. Geographic study begins with the location of places on the earth. Geographically dʒiːəgræfɪkli adverb. A location is the place where a particular point or object exists.

For example when Dustin is studying the languages humans speak he might look. To geographers a space is a general objective location or area. Places have absolute locations that pinpoint them on the earth and relative locations that place each location in.

Definition of geographicalgeographical. Location is the position of a particular point on the surface of the Earth. COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary.

Adjective usually ADJECTIVE noun Geographical or geographic means concerned with or relating to geography. Describing Location in Geography. It stresses the geographic way of organizing and analyzing information pertaining to the location distribution pattern and interactions of the varied physical and human features of Earths surface.

City town village or even archaeological site. Location is thus an objective way of defining what a place is. Locale is the physical setting for relationships between people such as the South of France or the Smoky Mountains.

What does sense of place mean in AP human Geography. The absolute location of a place is its exact set of coordinates on the planet frequently expressed in degrees of longitude and latitude. This means that a place can be defined by coordinates on a map implying that a place can be reduced to a set of numbers.

Location locale and a sense of place. Dʒiːəgræfɪkəl dʒiːəgræfɪk Explore geographical in the dictionary. Geographical location refers to a specific physical point on Earth.

Position on the Earths Surface AbsoluteRelative. State of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certain character. Jason ReedRyan McVayPhotodiscGetty Images.

Lines of latitude and longitude. Any location that has solid ground such as a country island or panhandle can. This is more precise than area or place often defined by a set of latitude and longitude coordinates.

Location is an important term in geography and is usually considered more precise than place A locality is a human settlement. All geographic inquiry should begin with the question Where. Affiliation or identity within a group of people bound by common ancestry and culture.

A useful technique to help you with this is CLOCC. The term location might appear to be interchangeable with place however location is generally seen as having greater precision than place. Location refers to the geographical positioning of a place.

First it emphasizes that geography is a methodology. There are three key components of place.

Sunday, October 31, 2021

32+ Geography Of India Upsc Syllabus

32+ Geography Of India Upsc Syllabus

UPSC Geography Mains Syllabus Distribution of key natural resources across the world including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent. It is one of the most favourite subjects for the optional paper.


Upsc Syllabus Explained In Detail Mind Map Syllabus Ias Study Material

The UPSC Mains Optional papers is a total 500 marks paper.

Geography of india upsc syllabus. The optional papers are divided into Papers I II. Endogenetic and exogenetic forcesOrigin and evolution of the earths crust. In UPSC mains examination paper 67 are optional subject papers Geography subject comes under UPSC optional subject.

As the UPSC exam is concerned geography is a widely chosen subject by the candidates. Download the upsc main syllabus pdf now. History of India and Indian National Movement.

Even if someone doesnt take geography as the optional subject he she has to study this subject in order to clear the IAS exam. UPSC Geography Syllabus 2021 For IAS Prelims Mains. India is vastly spread from Leh Ladakh to Kanyakumari where one can see a wide variety of fertile soils and fluctuating weather zones.

This study of the countrys physical attributes is highly important while studying for the Indian Geography syllabus for UPSC. IAS 2021 prelims will be conducted on June 27 as notified in the UPSC exam calendar 2021. The following major topics should be covered in Geography for IAS.

The UPSC optional subject list contains 48 subjects in total one of which is Geography. In UPSC prelims general studies paper geography is included as well as in the main exams GS paper 1. Check below Pros of geography optional syllabus PDF.

It is one of the most popular optional subjects in the Mains exam. Paper-I commonly deals with the theories concepts and principles of geography. The topics included in this subject are related to physical and human geography economic geography and geography of India.

The marks for each paper is 250 in a total of 500 marks and the duration for each paper is three hours. The IAS Mains Syllabus for UPSC exams. Recent views on mountainbuilding.

UPSC syllabus IAS Syllabus for the UPSC exam. UPSC Prelims Syllabus 2021 Official. IAS Exam has one of the optional subjects as Geography.

Current events of national and international importance. The optional syllabus for this subject has a huge overlap with General Studies. The UPSC Syllabus covers Geography in prelims as one of the subjects in General Awareness while the IAS mains syllabus for Geography is covered both in the General Studies and Geography Optional papers.

October 15 2020 by Karan Kapoor. Indian Polity and Governance Constitution Political System Panchayati Raj Public Policy Rights Issues etc. Read here detail topic-wise Geography syllabus for the IAS exam.

In the UPSC scheme of the syllabus Geography establishes the relevance of the existence of humans the elements that are conducive for life and the elements that are not conducive to. Geography Optional Syllabus for UPSC Mains. Indian and World Geography-Physical Social Economic Geography of India and the World.

UPSC Geography syllabus for main exam deals with our own environment which we can relate to and that is learning for life and not just for the IAS exam. Geography is included in the General Studies paper in Prelims as well as GS Paper 1 in UPSC CS Main examination. Factors responsible for the location of primary secondary and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world including India.

IAS exam mains 2021 UPSC exam pattern for IAS Examination explained. Geography is one amongst the 48 optional subjects that students have to choose for the mains exam. The syllabus of Geography for UPSC for optional paper would focus on the human and physical geography of India along with the economic aspects of it.

Geography is a definite and more logical subject that is the reason it is liked by many candidates from science clinical and engineering background. The Indian and the world geography syllabus is very broad and the candidates find it very difficult to prepare this section. IAS Syllabus 2021 explained for India and World Geography.

UPSC Geography Optional Syllabus Exam pattern If you have applied for the UPSC Exam then you can download officially updated Geography Optional Syllabus of UPSC which will available to applicants online at the Live Portal of UPSC. Each Geography paper consists of 250 marks. Factors controlling landform development.

Syllabus for main subjects in the Mains exam IAS is very vast and requires to be studied and understood. The subject has two papers ie Paper I and II. Physical conditions of theearths interior.

UPSC Mains Syllabus 2021 with links to optional subjects as per upsc exam pattern. UPSC Geography Optional Syllabus PDF-Download Syllabus PDF. Geography is an important subject for the UPSC Civil Services Exams aspirants with the subject being a core component of the Prelims and Mains as well as an Optional subject in the Mains.

So now let us understand the Pros and Cons of taking Geography as optional subject in the IAS Exam. Pros and Cons -Geography Syllabus for UPSC. Leave a Comment Current Affairs-India Geography of India By admin First shipment of Geographical Indication GI certified Bhalia variety of wheat was exported to Kenya and Sri Lanka from Gujarat giving a boost to wheat exports.

Thursday, October 21, 2021

28+ What Is Physical Scale Ap Human Geography

28+ What Is Physical Scale Ap Human Geography

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Ch8 The study of human political organization of the earth. The physical or human characteristics of a place like a natural harbor physical or high employment human.


Geography Lessons Human Geography Ap Human Geography

As an example on a 1.

What is physical scale ap human geography. Scale is the relationship between map units and the actual distance on the Earth. Study political organization at three scales. What is cartographic or map scale.

Maps tend to cover large regions. Instead they are criterion-referenced which means that every student who meets the criteria for an AP score of. 1 centimeter equals 1 kilometer.

What is AP Human Geography good for. Small scale might be 11000000 and large scale might be 11000 8. AP Human Geography Ch.

Term that describes the simultaneous process of global scale phenomena impacting local scale activities. Distance on a map compared to the distance on the earth. The scale on the map presents a distance measurement between each landmark.

The absolute location of a place described by local relief landforms and other cultural or physical characteristics. What is scale of data AP Human Geography. Many physical boundaries grew from antecedent boundaries French-Spanish border along the Pyrenees Mountains.

Important within spatial history are the concepts of place that is physical spaces that people naturalize through patterns behaviour and communications and scale the representation of any area as produced and defined by social process from the smallest unit the body to the largest the universe. What are the. Ratio or fraction scale gives the relationship as a ratio eg.

The concept of scale in human geography is somewhat less straightforward. Converted into a composite AP score on a 15 scale. AP Exams are not norm-referenced or graded on a curve.

What are the 2 meaning of scale in geography. Representation of a real-world phenomenon at a certain level of reduction or generalization. It is apparent that the factors that influence settlement patterns are varied and not clear-cut.

Refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects. To properly interpret them you need to carefully analyze all the factors both physical and human. 2 Maps Scale Space and Place.

They also learn about the methods and tools geographers use in their science and practice. Barrons AP Human Geography. It is an excellent course for preparing students to become geo-literate youth and adults.

The scale of a map is the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground. Cartographic or MAP SCALE USGS standard maps are 124000 one unit on the map equals 24000 units on the ground. A map scale is the map distance ratio that corresponds to the actual ground distance.

Small scale refers to a map of a large portion of the Earth ie. In a written scale units are expressed in a convenient way eg. 2 This article presents how authors within Past and Present have studied space place and.

Place unique humanphysical characteristics. The relative location of a place in relation to the physical and cultural characteristics of the surrounding area and the connections and interdependencies within that system. 1100000 is that 1 unit on the map equals 100000 units on the ground.

The study of population is important to anyone who is going to take the AP Human Geography Exam. Students employ spatial concepts and landscape analysis to examine human social organization and its environmental consequences. School is a place.

Maps of the entire world are necessarily small-scale maps because they cover such an enormous area. AP Human Geography Chapter 1 - Reading Questions. SMALL-SCALE MAP ratio is small ie.

In cartography the ratio of map distance to ground distance indicated on a map as a bar graph representative fraction andor verbal statement. Neighborhood Urban Area Metropolitan Area Region Nation World. The spatial extent of something.

AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description V1. The Politics of Scale. This AP Human Geography crash course is here to help you understand what factors influence the distribution of the population on our planet.

Inclusion of Jim Rubensteins essay is not an endorsement by the editor or the College Board AP Human Geography Program of the authors human geography textbook for use in AP Human Geography courses. The concept of scale as used in human geography is a bit different than that used on a map. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Unit 7.

How things are spaced apart and why. For example one inch on a map is equal to one mile on the ground. Below is the score distribution for students who took the 2020 AP Human Geography test.

Scale updates recent changes in the map distance. Your free-response score is scaled in accordance with this and added to your multiple-choice score to arrive at a scaled AP score that is then converted to a final score on the 1-5 AP scale. This is based on the fraction of the scale ie.

Large scale refers to a map of a small portion of the Earth ie. GEOGRAPHIC SCALES used in research. Human Settlements community home body.

Home is a place. GEOGRAPHIC SCALE -Refers to a conceptual hierarchy of spaces from small to large that reflects actual levels of organization in the real world. The ratio between the size of an area on a map and he actual size of that same area on the earths surface.

1000000 cm scale map shows that 1 centimeter is equal to 1 kilometer on the ground. What are the three scales of analysis. The scale at which data is gathered and questions are formulated by the researcher.

48+ What Was The Geography Of Ancient Rome Like

48+ What Was The Geography Of Ancient Rome Like

Geography Pompeii and Herculaneum are located in Southern Italy around the Bay of Naples. Its location made this growth possible for Rome to conquer and gain new.


The Geography Of Rome The Mythical Founding Of Rome Romulus Remus Roman Republic Rome Romulus And Remus

Rome grew from a city into a country and then into a vast empire.

What was the geography of ancient rome like. The archetype of Mediterranean climate. The Geography of Ancient Rome was characterized by relatively steep hills on the left bank of the river Tiber at the point where the river flowed around a small island 16m asl as well as branching out into marshy areas between the hills. Often overlooked is the role that.

Geography of ancient Rome and origin of Roman civilization Historians believe that Rome was founded on a group of seven hills located in the present region of Lazio in Italy. Geography is the study of physical features of the earth and its atmosphere the study of its people earth and environment. The Roman Empire dominated most of Europe and much of Africa and the Middle East for centuries.

Explore how geography helped to increase the power and growth of ancient Rome through its influence on the road system to where Rome chose to establish new colonies. Start studying Geography of Ancient Rome. The above is located between.

Warm year round- encouraged outdoor activities a. The Geography of Rome is characterised by the Seven Hills and The Tiber River. 20 minutes The Battle of Alexandria.

Ancient Rome Geography - Ancient Rome began in the Seven Hills on a peninsula shaped like a boot a peninsula that jutted out into the Mediterranean Sea. Ancient Romes geography was very fascinating and compelling. Examine the battle of Alexandria and its impact on ancient Rome and its rulers.

There were seven major hills and they served as protection to the Romans. Italy is 600 miles long and 150 miles wide. The region is humid and warm with refreshing breezes.

In a sense the Tiber island itself is a hill. When settlers first arrived in Rome they noticed fertile land. Being close to the Tyrrhenian Sea Rome experiences a Mediterranean climate.

50 minutes Physical Geography and Power in Ancient Rome. Central meeting place of ancient Rome. That was the main reason that they settled there.

Why was Romes location so favorable. Rome did not spring into being as a power on the Italian peninsula. PowToon is a free.

Geography of Ancient Rome Rome is a city located in Eastern Italy Europe. Rome was built on 7 rolling hills of Tiber River Located on Italian Peninsula Italy Bordered by Adriatic Sea to the east Near midpoint of Mediterranean Sea Alps to the North provided protection. The First Romans a.

It is surrounded by the Mediteranean Sea and its climate is normally very sunny with hot summers pleasant winters and a temperate amount of rainfall. Rome City was on the Eastern banks of the Tiber River. Rome is popularly called the city of seven hills.

Concrete dome built in ancient times. Because it is natural that people will move to cities for jobs and for the protection provided by a larger population a good site for a city must also be one that has room for the city to grow. Rome is 15 miles inland from the coast and the Latins who settled Rome built their city.

Rome is to the west of the Apennine Mountains that forms the backbone of peninsular Italy. Rome also had mountains but it also had large plains that made growing food much easier than it was in ancient Greece. It has a population of more than 1 million people.

These hills named Aventine Caelian Capitoline Esquiline Palatine Quirinal and Viminal are located on the eastern bank of the Tiber in the heart of the city of Rome. The history of ancient Rome begins with the overthrow of foreign kings in 509 BC. Graphic organizers that have students label the same maps shown in this video series support claims with evidence and address key concepts of the videos ca.

The bodies of water are the Adriatic Sea Ionian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Ancient Rome is located in Italy Europe near the Mediterranean Sea. Learn vocabulary terms and more with flashcards games and other study tools.

So great was the empire that it influences geopolitics even today. Piazza di Spagna at the bottom.

Monday, October 18, 2021

41+ What Is Physical Environment In Geography

41+ What Is Physical Environment In Geography

The part of the human environment that includes purely physical factors as soil climate water supply. Physical geography is the study of our planet and its systems ecosystems climate atmosphere hydrology.


Up Board Solutions For Class 11 Geography Indian Physical Environment Chapter 7 17 Https Www Upboardsolutions C Physical Environment Geography Geography Map

The physical environment is the part of the environment surrounding humans that contains only physical elements such as the water soil air and so on.

What is physical environment in geography. NCERT Class 7 Geography. Geography 125 is not simply a natural-science course. Subjects like physical geography geography ecosystems biosphere degradation ecosystem dynamics carrying capacity climate change will be dealt with.

This textbook is prescribed in schools since it has been devised according to CBSE Board guidelines. Physical Environment Physical geography focuses on the processes that shape the Earths physical environment and on the geographic patterns resulting from them. Physical environment consists of the physical or material phenomena such as climate surface configuration and drainage and natural resources such as soilsmineralswater and forests.

Environmental geography concerns the Environmental geography concerns the interactions between humans and their physical surroundings. Physical geographers help in making decisions about managing different types of resources such as water forests and land. Physical and Human Geography is the principal branches of Geographical sciences.

This is an important field of study for understanding present environmental stresses and for preparing students interested in various environmental careers. Most geographers -- even if they focus on human geography -- receive some training in such physical geography areas landforms climate soils and the distribution of plants. Understanding the climate and how its changing and the potential results of those changes affect people now and can help plan for the future.

Physical geographers study Earths seasons climate atmosphere soil streams landforms and oceans. In fact physical geogra-phers are concerned with nearly all aspects of Earth and can be considered generalists because they are trained to view a i What is an ecosystem. Physical geography is the branch of natural science which deals with the processes and patterns in the natural environment such as the atmosphere hydrosphere biosphere and geosphere as opposed to the cultural or built environment the domain of human geography.

Because the study of Earth is vast numerous sub-branches of physical geography specialize in different areas from the upper limits of. On this page you find summaries notes study guides and many more for the textbook An Introduction to Physical Geography and the Environment written by Joseph A. The Earth Sciences Tradition.

EVS - Environmental Science. Environmental Geography the study of the surroundings in which people plants and animals live the combination of the physicalnatural environment climate landforms soils vegetation and the human environment settlement and economic activities. Earth-sun relationships water cycles wind and ocean currents.

Physical environment has been greatly modified by humans and has also in trun impacted human fives. These are elements that are tangible and. Some disciplines within physical geography include geomorphology glaciology pedology hydrology climatology biogeography and oceanography.

Geomorphology is the study of landforms and the processes that shape them. Physical geography is what we are more familiar with as it involves earths land areas bodies of water plant life etc. Environmental geography is an aspect of geography that delves into the relationship including the social economic and spatial interconnections between people and their environments.

Many geography programs in the United States emerged from geology departments and the connection between the disciplines remains strong. Physical geography focuses on the processes that shape the Earths physical environment and on the geographic patterns resulting from them. Definition of physical environment.

Geomorphologists are interested in under- Physical Geography standing and explaining variation in landforms the processes Physical geography encompasses the processes and fea- that produce physical landscapes and the nature and geometry tures that make up Earth including human activities where of Earths surface features. Holden Joseph Holden. This is an important field of study for understanding present environmental stresses and for preparing students interested in various environmental careers.